Shanghai Tower
Building Integrity
Degradation & Movement of building materials:
Locally sourced materials with high-recycled content are being used when available.
The team seeks out building materials that are harvested and manufactured within an 800- kilometer radius of the site. Local sourcing of products is sustainable because it reduces transportation-related environmental impacts and boosts local economy.
Figure 1. Map of 800-kilometer radius of the site. (Source: Mr. Qingwei Kong, President of the Shanghai Tower Construction & Development Co., Ltd., 2014)
Fire Safety:
Fire simulation in atrium:
When the fire occurs, because of the of "chimney effect", fire will develop to the top direction in fast speed within the atrium.
The domestic and foreign research shows that, when the fire happen, the reasonable position of air supplement vent and air outlet vent is an important factor controlling the spread of fire.
To determine the size and the process of fire is the basis of design on smoke control system. The development of fire generally includes light, growth, stable combustion, decay. NFPA code in the United State for fire prevention design, as for smoke control system in atrium, simplifies the design of fire load for two kinds of models: the steady and unsteady fire condition. Heat release is a constant is defined as the steady fire, fire is essentially a non-steady state process, but the steady fire ideal model is very useful. In many engineering applications, the steady fire model will make the design more simple, the result is also more secure. And when the heat release will change with time is defined as unsteady fire. For the non-steady fire, generally use the t2 type fire to approximate, fire heat release is proportional to the square of the combustion time.
The formula of thermal release rate below：
Q=at²
Figure 2. Thermal release rate diagram in fire (Wang & Wu, 2009)
From Figure 2, as the known that the fire will get into the steady state after 200 seconds, 205 seconds of figure showing is vertical temperature profile of atrium in under steady state, the temperature near the fire source reached to 100 degrees, with the top exhaust port continue to discharge smoke, the lower position the higher temperature in the atrium, the height rise, the temperature decreased.
From the figure 5, air come from air-supplement fan with its high speed, so it will blow smoke to atrium’s lateral part, in this process, it gradually added to the low temperature air mixture with the risen smoke. The temperature is gradually reduced to some extent. Because of highly-speed wind create from air-supplement fan, block the smoke enter to the inner ring of atrium, and the temperature has remained at about 20 degrees ensuring the evacuation.
Figure 3. Physical calculation model in the fire (Wang & Wu, 2009)
Under the consideration on the spread and diffusion of the smoke, the calculation model was assumed under the unfavorable condition with failure of automatic sprinkler system. The fire is 0.5m * 0.5m * 1m, in the central atrium, and heat release rate were set as described above. The air-supplement vents are set combined with summer air conditioner outlet, in the high 3.5 meters, the exhaust port is arranged at the top, inside and outside wall temperature is assumed to be 20˚c.
Figure 4. the vertical profiles on temperature distribution map of atrium in 205 second condition (Wang & Wu, 2009)
Figure 5. The vertical profiles of velocity scalar diagram (Wang & Wu, 2009)
Figure 6. the vertical profiles on visibility distribution map of atrium in 205 second condition (Wang & Wu, 2009)
It can be seen from the vertical visibility of atrium under steady state analysis, the visibility of activity space in atrium is relatively high, and turn to the upper part of the inner wall of atrium, the visibility of office adjacent space is also in high level, all more than 50 meters. This further verified the correctness of the air-supplement vent arranged in the inner wall of the atrium.
Figure 7. Indoor fireplug system - water supply (Shanghai installation engineering Co., Ltd)
Figure 8. Indoor fireplug system - fire rating table (Shanghai installation engineering Co., Ltd)
Figure 9. Indoor spraying system - large-space intelligence active control sprinkler systems (Shanghai installation engineering Co., Ltd)
Figure 10. Indoor fireplug system - fire control distribution (Shanghai installation engineering Co., Ltd)
Figure 11. Spraying system in interior curtain wall (Shanghai installation engineering Co., Ltd)
Figure 12. Partial plan of water pump in fire control system (Shanghai installation engineering Co., Ltd)